Signals may be honest, conveying information which usefully increases the fitness of the receiver, or dishonest. Signals thus evolve because they modify the behaviour of the receiver to benefit the signaller. Signals are given in contexts such as mate selection by females, which subjects the advertising males' signals to selective pressure. Mathematical models describe how signalling can contribute to an evolutionarily stable strategy. The central question is when organisms with conflicting interests, such as in sexual selection, should be expected to provide honest signals (no presumption being made of conscious intention) rather than cheating. Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
"By building on this promising avenue of research, we are establishing the basis for a new set of tools," he explained, "which will help us develop effective interventions for treating this disabling condition in a wide range of individuals and ameliorate its impact on their daily functioning, employment, and quality of life.By stotting (also called pronking), a springbok ( Antidorcas marsupialis) signals honestly to predators that it is young, fit, and not worth chasing. "This reinforces our previous finding of the same relationship in controls and provides additional support for this signal detection theory metric as an objective measure of cognitive fatigue."Ĭognitive fatigue is a feature of many neurodegenerative conditions, including MS, according to Dr. Román, National MS Society postdoctoral fellow at Kessler Foundation. "We demonstrated that response bias was related to subjective state fatigue in MS," said lead author Dr. All participants underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and were assessed using the visual analog scale of fatigue (VAS-F) at baseline and after each block of the tasks. Researchers used a demanding working memory paradigm to induce cognitive fatigue in 50 participants, 30 with MS and 20 controls. The study was conducted at the Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center at Kessler Foundation, which is dedicated solely to rehabilitation research.
They continued their investigation in this study of MS, which is often complicated by symptoms of fatigue, including cognitive fatigue. Prior research at Kessler Foundation showed that signal detection metrics (perceptual certainty and response bias) correlated with changes in cognitive fatigue as well as with activation in the striatum of the basal ganglia-an area of the brain Kessler researchers have previously identified as sensitive to changes in cognitive fatigue. Genova, Ph.D., and Glenn Wylie, DPhil, of Kessler Foundation.īecause subjective feelings of cognitive fatigue fail to correlate with objective measures of performance, researchers have sought to identify an objective behavioral measure that co-varies with the subjective experience of fatigue. These findings were reported in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience on March 16, 2022, in the open access article "Signal Detection Theory as a Novel Tool to Understand Cognitive Fatigue in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis." The authors are Cristina Almeida Flores Román, Ph.D., John DeLuca, Ph.D., Bing Yao, Ph.D., Helen M.
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